Last
week we had a guest from the Veterinary Health Directorate, Ministry of
Agriculture. A friend whispered to me to participate in socialization
activities regarding zoonotic diseases in Indonesia. At first I was not
interested because, indeed, participants were advised to have a biological
education background. Thank God the material provided really opens up
our insight into zoonosis.
Zoonosis
Zoonosis
is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans or from
humans to animals otherwise. Sources say globally, it is estimated that
about one billion cases of the disease and millions of deaths occur each
year due to zoonosis. Transmission
of zoonosis from animals to humans can be through direct and indirect
contact, food, water, or air, and other disease intermediates.
Although
close to our daily lives, most of us never know that there are
currently more than 200 types of zoonoses in the world. Wow, fantastic,
yes! Zoonosis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and prions.
Yuks, we get acquainted with some types of zoonoses in Indonesia!
COVID-19
Menong's
friends must still remember the dark times of the pandemic in the span
of 2020–2022. Covid-19 is becoming one example of a zoonotic disease that we
are currently experiencing. Covid-19 originated from a virus
transmitted from animals traded in a traditional market in Wuhan, China.
COVID-19 has caused more than 760 million cases, and 6.9 million deaths
have been recorded worldwide since December 2019.
Covid-19 may be the only pandemic we've ever experienced. I and Zauji were exposed up to twice in 2021 and
2022. Until now, I personally still feel the trauma when I remember the
pain when first exposed, especially the condition of Mother and Zauji,
who are 'special' because comorbidity makes me have to be extra careful.
Thankfully, the situation around the world has started to improve, and the community is back to normal activities.
Rabies
Rabies
may be one of the zoonotic diseases in Indonesia that we have known since
sitting in elementary school. The source of rabies transmission is
saliva from infected animals/humans containing the rabies virus. Nearly
98% of rabies cases are transmitted by dogs, and the rest are transmitted
through cats and monkeys.
Why is a dog the largest rabies-infected animal?
Because dogs have instincts for biting different ones than cats or monkeys.
Rabies
is a viral disease that attacks the central nervous system of mammals,
including humans. The closer the location of the bite is to the head
(brain), the faster the virus will get to the brain. This is the reason
why 4 in 10 cases of rabies deaths are children because of their short
height so that the location of the bite is closer to the head or brain,
such as the shoulder or arm.
Videos
about rabies bite victims often stop by on social media timelines, one
of which is a pre-adolescent child who refuses when given drinking
water. Based on the caption, in this stage the possibility of victims being healthy reaches 0%, aka 99%, and can no longer be done medically.
This
clinical symptom will appear from a few days to months and even annually
in the form of convulsions, paralysis of the back of the body,
difficulty swallowing so that it seems frightened when given a drink, and excessive salivation out. When these symptoms appear, 100% can be
ascertained to end with death because the virus has reached the brain.
The
speaker himself recounted his experience of meeting a victim of a
rabies dog bite. Initially, the victim's family thought the victim was
hit by a seizure or possessed because of his strange behavior. After
being traced, it turned out that the victim had been bitten by a dog more
than a year ago. The rabies virus incubates in the body and has only
provided clinical symptoms for a long time.
Until
now, there has been no effective cure for rabies. But we can minimize
the risk of the worst rabies by providing first aid when bitten by
animals suspected of having rabies.
The first aid when bitten by a dog/cat/monyet is to wash it with barbed bath soap/liquid bath soap or dish soap with running water for 15 minutes. The structure of the rabies virus is encased with lipids that can be broken/destroyed with soap. Do not use detergent to minimize new wounds because detergents tend to be hard and hot.
Immediately
take it to the hospital to get the anti-rabies vaccine. Explain to the
doctor the characteristics of dogs, cats, and monkeys that bite so that
the authorities can take precautions to prevent the fall of other
victims.
I
myself have a lot of anabul-loving friends. Last month we did the
Anabul vaccine for free so that cats or pet dogs are free of rabies.
And it turns out that zoonotic diseases in Indonesia lurk in animals other than dogs and cats? What disease? Yuks, see the continuation of zoonotic disease material in Indonesia given by the source Kesmavet.
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